The study focused on binge drinking (BD), defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as consuming 60 g or more of alcohol per occasion, and by the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) as drinking 70 g (men) or 56 g (women) in less than two hours.

Alcohol ranks as the fifth leading risk factor for global disability-adjusted life years, prompting consideration of restricting or banning alcohol advertising as a potential measure to mitigate individual and population-level risks associated with alcohol consumption.

The Amethyst Initiative, initiated in summer 2008, brought forth a debate among college presidents and higher education officials in the United States regarding the minimum legal drinking age of 21.

There is often a debate regarding the net effect of the alcohol industry in South Africa. A recent study conducted by Murray and Barr (2019) provides a comprehensive assessment of the value equation of the alcohol industry in South Africa, considering both its tangible and intangible economic benefits and contrasting them with social and health costs.

The Illicit trade of alcohol is a global phenomenon. A recent report compiled by the OECD addresses the significant challenges posed by illicit trade in the alcohol industry, which is an attractive target for organized crime due to its large market and potential for high profits with relatively low investment.